‘Wasting your time here, ain’t any criminals in HERE’ (WAKEUP Theatre, 2013, p.5).Characterisation of Ronnie.

Within our production of 130,000 I played the character of Ronnie, a troubled adolescent from South-East London who is a key witness to the stabbing of a character called Kwame. Throughout the rehearsal process I enjoyed developing the character of Ronnie immensely. Initially her character felt alien to me as Ronnie is not the type of character I have played before, therefore I had to think about her back story and how she feels living in a complex environment of poverty and gang culture. She has an upbeat and exciting personality along with some unpredictable behaviour, she is vulnerable and naive, she follows the crowd and looks up to her best friend Shanice, and tries to impress her constantly. Ronnie is the type of girl who failed at school and is a slight disappointment to her family, making her needy and emotional. Therefore I gave her some characteristic that I felt suited her and this description. I spoke with a fairly strong South-East London accent with a very slight Jamaican feel, as this is where I feel her family originated. I gave her a harsh vocal quality when speaking certain words, for example, when saying words like, here, though, I lowered the register to give more emphasis and to gain a comedic element to the speech, and I pronounced ‘th’ as ‘d’. Furthermore I made her speech slightly rhythmic and elongated certain phrases, I gave her physicality’s which mirrored this rhythmic quality. I had chewing gum when rehearsing and during the performance as this helped me to sustain the character throughout the production and gave attitude to her persona.

The character of Ronnie stemmed from watching Fallout on channel four, this gave me a good base to how to play Ronnie, it also gave me an insight to the relationship between Ronnie and Shanice. The character of Ronnie also developed through intensive rehearsals in which we responded to each others characters and utilised the notes provided from the director, dramaturge and other actors.

I also performed two verbatim extracts, one from Doreen Lawrence, Stephen Lawrence’s mum, and the other from Conan Taffee a whiteness who appeared at the scene when Stephen collapsed. This was to be delivered to the audience not necessarily acted, as we are not becoming a character we are speaking the real words from real people, this is not to say that there is no emotion on delivering the verbatim, it remains more about the words than the character. I found Doreen’s verbatim very emotional when speaking her own words, I felt her pain as a mother who was grieving, therefore the emotion was inevitably attached to the words. This piece of verbatim was at the end of the play and one of the most integral parts to the performance as it encompasses our company manifesto and defines the entire piece of merging fiction with verbatim. Therefore, I had an important job in making the text authentic, but at the same time, producing a compelling performance to express the seriousness and realities of the play. This was the reason behind ending the play with a piece of verbatim, as our script writer wanted to leave the audience with the realties behind 130,000.

With Fallout being inspired by the cases of Damilola Taylor and Stephen Lawrence it brings about representations of real events, even more so with our insertions of verbatim,

‘Williams is intervening in a way that may allow new meanings and new understandings to emerge. The degree of success with which he can do this depends on how readily the parties involved can accept his representation as a sound basis for renewed consideration’ (Derbyshire 2007, p.418).

We as a company had to invest in the representations of the characters and the verbatim text and so do the audience. For the concept to work and for the performance to be innovating and inspiring, we all had to completely absorb our characters and understand the subtext. At first playing the character of Ronnie made me question, how am I going to play a young black Jamaican girl? After attending a workshop by Theatre maker Andy Smith entitled, ‘What does it take to make a theatre?’, he demonstrated through his methods that an audience can achieve believability in what is being presented in front of them. Just as an audience believe that Jud Law played Hamelt and they invested in him being Hamelt, the audience will invest in our characters because we are putting it in front of them. This is also supported through the story and the emotional connection the audience make with our characters, with Ronnie being funny and slightly stupid they liken to her and therefore it is believable, furthermore I believed my character one-hundred percent which conveys itself to the audience making it easier for them to invest their belief.  The audience build a connection to the fact that Ronnie has a huge predicament of whether to tell the police that her best friends boyfriend killed Kwame, furthermore the connection to Emile goes further, the audience feel sympathy when they see him living with the guilt but also feel bad for feeling this sympathy because he is guilty of murder, but this is why the characters works so well and is why the audience invested their belief and furthermore is why it becomes irrelevant that we are not black, the emotion, intensity and realness of the story supports the believability.

Derbyshire, Harry (2007) ‘’Roy Williams’’: Representing Multicultural Britain in Fallout’, Modern Drama. pp.414-434

Smith, A, (2013). What Does it Take to Make a Theatre? Theatre Company Guest Workshop, Lincoln, LSPA

Restrained Writers- The Curse of Authenticity

Robin Soans states, “verbatim plays are more like conventional plays than is generally acknowledged” (Billington, 2012, online) I question what Soans truly means by the aforementioned statement. Is he suggesting that the staging of a verbatim play is essentially the same as staging a ‘conventional’ fictional play? Therefore, is Soans questioning the writers’ ability to stay authentic to the verbatim text and as a result allowing for the factual text to become more of a fictional representation. Verbatim theatre prides itself on its ability to offer a source of uncontaminated truth. Dramatists staging verbatim plays are incredibly aware of their artistic limitations due to the texts ethical restraints. Therefore, due to the manuscripts legality and the inordinate pressure surrounding the legitimacy of the factual content, writers tend to isolate verbatim in appose to creating a collusion between two genres. However, Max Stafford-Clarke frequently uses the exploration of verbatim texts during his rehearsal process, interesting when working on fictional texts. It appears evident that creators of verbatim theatre and also of fictional theatre seem to be enticed by verbatim emotive qualities. Stafford-Clarke utilising the texts content to draw upon his actors characterisations. However, playwrights seem to reject the idea of a relationship between factual and fictional when it comes to physically staging verbatim. It is either presented as a solely verbatim play in which the text is reflectively accurate, or playwrights refer to the staging as documentary theatre allowing for slight amendments to be made to the verbatim text, therefore reducing the accuracy.

If verbatim playwrights state that verbatim plays fall into the same genre as conventional plays, how come they are so anxious about factual context. Surely dramatic works can be based around a factual text but be presented as a fictional performance. The limitations placed on a verbatim writers’ ability to adapt and restructure text has enable this potentially fatal divide to happen between what we perceive as reality and theatre. What is reality? Yes verbatim plays claim to purport reality but this is just unachievable in the theatre. Yes the text is reality; the reality is someone spoke the words; however the situation isn’t reality that is representation. For example during our performance we used legal transcripts as the source for our verbatim text. The text was in essence ‘accurate’ but the situation wasn’t. We didn’t perform in the court room where Doreen originally recalled the works. We created a representation of reality in a theatrical setting.

Writers are so focused on an authentic representation and dramatically limited by the legality of staging verbatim that they seem to stick to this journalistic delivery in appose to making theatre. Who said verbatim text can’t be embedded within a fictional performance? The words aren’t changed; it’s still authentic to the original text. However, when we begin to experiment with the exploration of fact and fiction as one genre, you are forced to ask the question what is entertainment? I am ethically able to take this spoken text and change its intended purpose. You wouldn’t put a verbatim testimony from a solider serving in the Iraq war in the middle of a play intended for comical entertainment but then the beauty of theatre is to express emotion that powerful change that occurs when one moment you’re laughing and the next you’re crying. This emotive change was something we, as a theatre company, intensified during our performance. The fictional play provided the comical interludes whereas the verbatim served as the stern reality. For us the merging of the two genres seemed to create a natural fluidity largely due to the content of the fictional play. The verbatim text remained faithful to its source, in some ways you could say embedding verbatim within a fictional context magnified its appeal and its impact.

Reinelt comments, “Someday the gap between reality and representation might be overcome by new techniques” (2009, p.9) Here Reinelt is suggesting that the gap between a straight verbatim play and a representational play can afford to lessen, allowing for future exploration of the verbatim techniques. Emerging verbatim playwrights such embrace the ability to experiment with text and language. As theatre makers, you are given a verbatim text to explore is theatrical potential and this is something that should be embraced if verbatim theatre is succeed as a dramatic median.

 

Works cited:

Billington, Michael (2012) V is for Verbatim Theatre, Online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2012/may/08/michael-billington-verbatim-theatre (accessed 23rd May 2013)

Reinelt, Janelle (2009) The promise of documentary in Get real Documentary theatre past and present, Alison Forsyth and Chris Megson eds. Palgrave Macmillan publishers limited: Hampshire

 

Performing Verbatim through audio

Performing verbatim material is difficult enough on stage, putting yourself into the character of a real person and repeating dialogue that came from someone spontaneously. In a way it is the ultimate in reality drama and a good way of achieving dialogue that is as naturalistic as possible. What was more challenging was performing verbatim knowing that it was only going to be the voice that was heard and not being able to act with your body as well. Recording verbatim with a microphone can feel artificial and you are neither surrounded by other characters or audience to work off. In addition, you are not clothed to suit your character, another helpful tool in getting into character which can hinder your performance. In order to rise to this challenge, I found it useful to gesture with my hands whilst speaking, physically acting even though I couldn’t be seen, hoping that it would add another dimension to the realistic sound of the speech. It was also helpful to close my eyes an imagine reliving the story that I was recounting so that I felt closer to the experience and was able to think about the emotions of the person I was acting as. In this way, I was able to change the dynamics throughout the verbatim extract to make it more realistic and engaging for the audience to listen to. I was not entirely happy with the final result and felt that it lacked some clear phrasing and dynamic variation, but I understand that it is one of the most difficult ways to present this type of material on the stage.

Stage Management

Every stage management team is different depending on the size of the company. A typical stage management team would include the following: Stage Manager (SM), Deputy Stage Manager (DSM), Assistant Stage Manager (ASM) and the stage crew. The stage manager is the main channel of communication between all the backstage departments and the director, actors and producer. In the case of a smaller company, like WAKEUP Theatre, it is possible that the stage manager may need to undertake a variety of jobs such as, sourcing props, costume, set and sound as well as operating the sound and lighting desks. However, ‘even in a larger organization with full resources it is important for every stage management team member to have a good working knowledge of everyone else’s job in order to co-ordinate all the departments successfully by appreciating and anticipating their needs and problems’ (Hawkins, T. and Menear, P., 1988, p. 7).

The stage manager is in charge of creating the prompt script which consists of: an accurate version of the script including cuts and rewrites, clear blocking, all cues including lighting, sound, scene changes and the details of each cue and cue sheets and casts lists. Below is an example from WAKEUP Theatre prompt book .

Blog Prompt0001 blog prompt0002

Due to the module assessment criteria and size of the company, some of my stage management roles were assigned to the producer, such as rehearsal schedules, room bookings and the cast lists.

Below is a typical breakdown of tasks the stage manager would undertake in the final weeks leading up to the performance. I tried to keep to this schedule as much as possible however due to the arrangement of the module some tasks such as, a full technical run on day three was not feasible.

SM table0001 - Copy

SM Table 10001

SM table0001

SM Table 10002

 

(Image 1. Hawkins, T. and Menear, P., 1988, pp. 9-10).

The technical rehearsal is a chance for the backstage team to prepare their role in the production and is where the stage manager role comes in full swing. The stage manager should be in charge backstage and oversee and issues that may arise within the technical run. It is also a chance for the actors to become accustomed with the lights, sound and props in the stage space. Technical runs are always a stressful time for everyone involved therefore, ‘it is essential to take regular schedules breaks even if the rehearsal is falling behind’(Hawkins, T. and Menear, P., 1988, p. 63).  During the performance the stage manager is situated in the prompt corner, an offstage area where they give cues to the technical staff through the use of cans. For 130,000 the stage manager was situated in the gallery next to the tech box.  This was due to the fact that all actors where on stage throughout the performance therefore, no prompts for actors entrances was needed. If possible, the operators may have their own scripts with cues marked in however, this is only if the performance is straightforward with very few cues or few technical crew.

Works Cited

Hawkins, T. and Meanear, P. (1988) Stage Management and Theatre Administration, Manchester: Phaidon

Recording the verbatim of Duwayne Brooks

As stated by Marilyn Le Conte “studies show that 90% of communication is non-verbal. Facial expressions, gestures and eye contact are vital in conveying emotion and meaning. So how then is it possible to create a believable character and engrossing atmosphere using only your voice” (2012, http://www.rwcmd.ac.uk/other/news/inside_view/less_is_more_radio_acting.aspx). When acting for radio the listener is unable to see any of these gestures and facial expressions. This is a very difficult task to accomplish as a performer; I had to get my feelings across through the use of my voice alone. Therefore the process of acting for radio is very intricate.

The vocal and aural qualities which affect each performance are listed by Richard J. Hand and Mary Traynor as “volume, pitch, pace, accent, individual characteristics” (2011, p.175). It was important that I experimented with all of the qualities to find what suits your character best. When recording to the microphone it was important that as a performer I remembered that the microphone corresponds to the ear of the audience and listener. I wanted the audience to understand everything that I as a character was thinking and feeling, which was why I experimented differently with the way in which I developed and performed the verbatim.

The verbatim which I recorded was that of Duwayne Brooks, he was Stephen Lawrence’s best friend and present the night he was murdered. When the attack happened he was helpless and couldn’t do anything to help his friend. One member of the group of boys that killed Stephen Lawrence chased him with a metal bar. “Duwayne Brooks says it was like a ‘major car crash’ when his friend was murdered by a racist gang in 1993” (http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/video/2013/apr/22/stephen-lawrence-duwayne-brooks-legacy-video, 2013). On a personal level I could never understand how it feels to watch your best friend be murdered and I wanted to make sure that I did the verbatim justice. I watched clips on www.youtube.co.uk of Duwayne Brooks for inspiration and to gain a full understanding of him as a person and his feelings about the attack.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeHQM_TD2oo

The above video especially showed the emotions that Duwayne felt towards the attack, the attackers and the events which took place surrounding Stephen Lawrence’s murder.

“Speaking on the BBC Radio 4 Today programme today, Mr Brooks said: “For 18 years, I have endured harassment, victimisation, being blamed for the first prosecution failing, being brutalised and having false charges brought against me” (http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/stephen-lawrence-murder-witness-duwayne-171398, 2012). After reading this article and seeing what Duwayne Brooks had said on the murder of his friend, really affected me. It shocked me to read that people had previously blamed Duwayne for what had happened to Stephen Lawrence. This only made me want to record the verbatim with even more honesty and integrity.

Works Cited

Hand, Richard and Traynor, Mary (2011) The Radio Drama Handbook Audio Drama in Context and Practice, London & New York: Continuum.

Le Conte, Marilyn (2012) Less is more: Radio acting Uncovered, Available at: http://www.rwcmd.ac.uk/other/news/inside_view/less_is_more_radio_acting.aspx (Accessed date: 04/05/2013).

www.guardian.co.uk (2013) Stephen Lawrence’s friend Duwayne Brooks on murdered teenager’s legacy, Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/video/2013/apr/22/stephen-lawrence-duwayne-brooks-legacy-video (Accessed date: 21/05/2013).

www.mirror.co.uk (2012) Stephen Lawrence murder witness Duwayne Brooks says seeing killers jailed was “worth the struggle” of years of acrimony, Available at: http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/stephen-lawrence-murder-witness-duwayne-171398 (Accessed date: 21/05/2013).